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HMS Calcutta: Motto 'Per ardua stabilis' ('Steadfast in difficulties') The HMS Calcutta was a "Carlisle" (also referred to as "Repeat "C") class light cruiser built at Vickers Shipbuilding, Barrow-in-Furness, U.K., for the Royal Navy. The ship was ordered in June 1917 under the Emergency War Program and her keel was laid on 18 October 1917. Launched on 09 July 1918, sea/contractor trials commenced on 02 July 1919 the following year, departing Tyne, England on 08 July to Portsmouth, England. On 18 August the ship made passage for Acceptance trials in the Clyde area which were conducted on 21 August (Note: this date is listed as the formal completion date of the ship.) On 22 August, she returned to Portsmouth, England for full commissioning and completion of the onloading of stores.
The ship was 4,190 GRT, with a length of 451.4-feet, beam of 43.9 feet, and draught of 14 feet. Propulsion machinery consisted of Yarrow fuel-oil burning boilers, 2 Parsons geared turbines, and twin shafts with a combined output of 40,000 shp for a maximum speed of 29 knots. All proplusion equipment was provided by Vickers Shipbuilding. Normal fuel-oil carrying capacity was 300-tons, with a maximum capacity of 950 tons.
The "HMS Calcutta" in 1927
The ship was constructed with a 3-inch armour belt protecting the machinery spaces and magazines. The bow section of the ship was protected by 1-1/2" to 2 1/4-inch armour plating and 2-inch plating protecting the stern sides. 1-inch armour plating was used to protect the upper decks amidships and over the rudder area.
Ship's Armament at time of building consisted of:
Five 6-inch 50-caliber guns under Gun Fire Director Control Two 3-inch anti-aircraft guns Four 3-pounder guns Two 2-pounder "pom-poms" One machine gun Eight 21-inch torpedo tubes in 4 double mounts. As built, crew compliment ranged between 330 and 350 officers and crew. This would later be increased to 400-437 during World War II.
Upon full commissioning, the HMS Calcutta was placed in service on 24 August 1919 as the Flagship of the 8th Light Cruiser Squadron on the North America and West Indies Station. The ship remained in Portsmouth, England making preparations for foreign service duties until departing on 28 September and making passage to Bermuda where she arrived on 09 October 1919. Twelve days later, on 21 October, the ship sustained damage as a result of being slammed against the jetty at the Royal Naval Base at Dockyard during Hurricane-like conditions. (Note: 3 Hurricanes are on record for the year 1919. No hurricanes in the Atlantic were recorded during the month of October.)
Underway in November 1919 as the 18th Light Cruiser Squadron flagship, making port visits in the Caribean and North America. Participated in Squadron exercises in the Atlantic Ocean during the following month.
Between 1920 and 1926 the HMS Calcutta remained based at Bermuda as the Flagship for the North America and West Indies Station until, on 22 October 1926, the ship again sustained damage due to repeatedly striking the jetty at the Royal Naval Base at Dockyard where she was moored during the Category 4 "Havanna-Bermuda Hurricane" which struck the island on 22 October. (The hurricane also resulted in the sinking of the HMS Valerian with the loss of 88 lives. Read the sinking inquiry report here.)
After the hurricane had passed, the Calcutta was placed in drydock for repairs (photo at right), after which the ship departed Bermuda and made passage to Chatham, England.
After returning to England, the Calcutta was paid off and decommissioned on 04 December 1926, with the crew being transferred to the HMS Despatches.
On 13 December the ship was placed in the Nore Command Reserve Fleet until being laid up in the River Medway from January through December 1927 while awaiting additional repairs. From January 1928, the Calcutta was laid-up in the Reserve Fleet at Chatham, England until 21 April when the ship was under repaired at Her Majesty's Dockyard, Chatham until the following August. During this time, she was nominated for service as the Flaship of the 6th Cruiser Squadron, South Africa Station.
Upon completion of repairs, preparations for Foreign Service were made at Chatham, England and the ship was commissioned for service on 18 September. The HMS Calcutta departed Chatham soon afterwards and made passage in October 1928 to Simonstown, South Africa where she replaced the Cruiser HMS Birmingham as Flagship for the 6th Cruiser Squadron the following November.
During the period between November 1928 and January 1931, the Calcutta served as the Flagship for the Squadron, visiting ports throughout the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, and conducting fleet exercises. In January 1931 the ship was ordered back to England for an overhaul, making the passage from Simonstown, S.A. to Chatham, England the following February where the ship was paid off and receiving a minor repair/refit period in March prior to being placed in Reserve Service at Chatham on 24 April 1931 where she remained until 10 November 1933. The "HMS Calcutta" in 1927. Photos may be during training while in Reserve Fleet status.
While in Reserve Service, the Calcutta was nominated in October 1933 for service as an overflow Boys Training Ship. The ship was recommissioned on 10 November 1933 at Chatham, England and served as a Boys Training Ship for the next few years until June 1938. During this period, the ship was nominated for conversion to an Anti-Aircraft ship in 1937, with the conversion scheduled to take place in the early months of 1938 . However, this conversion was delayed and the ship continued service as a Boys Training Ship.
Deployed in June 1938 as the Senior Officer ship, Reserve Fleet (SORF) for the Nore Command upon being relieved as a Boys Training Ship by the Cruiser HMS Dragon. Re-deployed the next month as a Royal Navy Volounteer Reserve (RNVR) Drill Ship for the Humber Division in relief of the Cruiser HMS Cardiff
In August 1938, conversion of the HMS Calcutta to an Anti-Aircraft ship was commenced at Her Majesty's Dockyard, Chatham, England. The conversion work consisted of having all armament removed and replaced with 9 twin 4-inch High Angle (HA) gun mounts, a single Quad "Pom Pom" mount, and two 8-barreled "Pom Pom" gun mounts. Additionally, the original Gun Directors were removed and replaced with Directors designed for Anti-Aircraft Gun Fire Control. Conversion of the ship lasted until July 1939 when post conversion trials were conducted in the Nore Command area. The ship was recommissioned in August 1939 under the command of under the command of Capt. Herbert Annesley Packer, RN, and was placed in service with the Home Fleet. Deployed to Scapa Flow as an Anit-Aircraft Guardship prior to the commencement of World War II.
Drawing of the "HMS Calcutta" after completion of conversion to an AA ship (Notice the relocated mast).
At the outbreak of World War II, the HMS Calcutta was stationed at Scapa Flow as an Anti-Aircraft ship. The ship departed Scapa Flow on the 15th and returned on the 18th, possibly as part of a training exercise. On 26 September, the ship departed Scapa Flow again as part of the 7th Cruiser Squadron and conducted interception duties of German merhcant ships on the Northern Patrol for contraband control.
On 29 September the Calcutta transferred to the Humber Force for defense of convoys based at Grimsby, England. Then, on 30 September 1939, the ship was deployed for convoy Anti-Aircraft defense duties in the North Sea and Northwest Approaches until January 1940 when the ship was given a leave period. On 27 February 1940, the ship was transferred to the Home Fleet for Anti-Aircraft defense and convoy escort duties. The HMS Calcutta provided escort to Lerwick, Scotland of the HMS Imperial which had collided with the Swedish ship S.S. Nordia on 29 September while on convoy duty approximately 70 miles west-south-west of Feistenen, Norway. The Nordia was lost as a result of the collision and the Imperial's speed was restricted to 12 knots due to structural damage forward which resulted in flooding.
The month of March 1940 found the ship with a new Commanding Officer, Capt. Dennis Marescaux Lees, DSO, RN, and was spent continuing Anti-Aircraft duties with the Home Fleet until 01 April when the Calcutta provided AA defense for the inbound 43-ship Convoy HN20 (Norway-U.K.), and then on 05 April providing AA defense for the outbound Convoy ON-25, also 43 ships. On 07 September the convoy was order to return to the U.K. while approximately 55 miles northeast of Muckle Flugga, Shetland Islands due to reports of German activity in the area. Upon returning to the U.K., the Calcutta rejoined the Home Fleet until being deployed on 10 September for AA defense duty during "Operation Rupert/R4" in preparation for the defense of Norway prior to invasion by the German army.
Deployed on 16 April with Cruisers HMS Effingham, HMS York, and Destroyer HMS Ashanti on patrol off of Alesund, Norway enroute to Trondheim in search of German warships reported to be in the area.
Arrived at Andalsnes, Norway on 20 April for AA duty. Embarked Rear Admiral Vivian as Flag Officer for AA Cruisers and then provided AA cover duty on 22 April for French transport ship VTU.F. D'Alger for landings at Namsos, Norway. Other ships providing cover included the Cruiser HMS Birmingham, Destroyers HMS Maori, Bison (French), Foudroyant (French), and the Sloop HM Auckland. Due to a snow storm, the landings at Namsos could not be completed, and on 27 April the Calcutta was transferred to Andalsnes, Norway and then re-deployed to Romsdalfjord, Norway for AA defense duties. On 29 April, provided AA defense during Allied evacuation of Andalsnes and Molde, Norway and the failed "Operation Sickle" (One of two operations, the other being "Operation Hammer", whose purpose was to capture German occupied Trondheim, Norway. On 01 May 1940, the HMS Calcutta assisted in the evacuation of troops from Andalsnes, embarking the last 720 troops from "Sickle Force" and returned them to the U.K.
Directed on 09 May, with the Destroyer HMS Zulu, to intercept a German ship which was reported to have been delivering 300 German troops, equipment, and supplies at Hemniskerget. However, the German ship, the S.S. Nord Norge had already landed her troops ashore by the time the Calcutta and Zulu had located her on 10 May. (The British Troops ashore had already departed the area.) The two Royal Navy ships then fired on, and sank, the S.S. Nord Norge, which still had its cargo of equipment and supplies onboard. After sinking the ship, the Calcutta and Zulu then departed to assist in the evacuation of British troops from Mo and Mosjoin, Norway. Upon completion of the evacuation, joined the Cruiser HMS Penelope, Sloop HM Ibis, Destroyer HMS Witch, and Destroyer Leader HMS Campbell in order to supplement AA defense forces while in on passage from Norway to the U.K. Re-deployed to Scapa Flow on 14 May 1940. While on station at Scapa Flow, nominated for Mediterranean service with three sloops. Transferred to the Nore Command on 26 May for the evacuation of allied troops from Dunkirk (Operation Dynamo), which resulted in the ship's deployment to Mediterranean service being delayed. Evacuated 534 troops from the beaches near Dunkirk on 28 May and then made passage to Sheerness, England where troops were disembarked, after which, the ship returned to the Dunkirk beaches again on 29 May, evacuating 1200 troops and delivering them to Sheerness.
Operation Dynamo: Evacuation of troops from Dunkirk. 338,000 troops were evacuated during this operation.
Upon completion of "Operation Dynamo", the Calcutta was deployed on 30 May to provide AA defense under direction of the Nore Command from 30 May until 18 June 1940. On 18 June, the ship participated in "Operation Aerial" assisting with the evacuation of allied troops and civilians from La Verdone, France and then patrolled the French coast with one other Royal Navy ship in order to intercept enemy ships off the Gironde estuary.
On 23 June the HMS Calcutta took on troops and personnel at St. Jean de Luz, France, after which, the ship sailed to Portsmouth, England where the passengers were disembarked. Returned to the Gironde Estuary on 25 June 1940 with the Canadian Destroyers Fraser and Restigouche to intercept enemy vessels reported to be in the area. While underway off of Bayonne, France, at night in rough seas and low visibility collided with the HMCS Fraser (ex-HMS Crescent) as the Fraser was executing a turn in order to take station aft of the Calcutta. The collision resulted in the bow section of the Canadian ship breaking away from the rest of the ship and sinking. 66 men lost during the collision and subsequent sinking (47 from Fraser, 19 from Calcutta 150 survivors were taken off of the Fraser before the rest of the ship was scuttled on 26 June using scuttling charges). The Calcutta then sailed for Devonport, England with a section of the Fraser's bridge superstructure still onboard. (Escort to Devonport was provided by Destroyer HM Highlander.) Arrived Devonport, England on 27 June where passengers were disembarked and arrangements for ship repair at a Tyne shipyard were made.
The Calcutta remained at Devonport, England until early July 1940 when the ship sailed to a commercial shipyard at Tyne for repairs. Upon completion of these repairs, she then rejoined the Home Fleet until 20 June when she was deployed for AA defense duties for mine layers of the 1st Minelaying Squadron conducting minelaying in the Southwest Approaches (Operation SN31). Upon completion of this phase of Operation SN31, the ship commenced preparations in August for Foreign Service with the Mediterranean Fleet at Alexandria, Egypt.
The HMS Calcutta departed the U.K. on 23 August 1940 on passage to Gibraltar with the Battleship HMS Valiant, Aircraft Carrier HMS Illustrious, and Cruisers HMS Coventry and Sheffield (providing cover), joining ships from the 8th Destroyer Flotilla (Force "H") on 28 August as escorts for the Middle East convoy carrying troops and supplies to Alexandria (Operation HATS). Participated in exercises with Force "H" prior to arriving at Gibralter on 30 August.
The Calcutta departed Gibraltar on 30 August 1940 with Force "F" consisting of the Battlecruiser HMS Renown, Aircraft Carrier Ark Royal, HMS Sheffield, and Destroyers of Force "H" in continuation of Operation HATS. Made passage to Malta, arriving on 02 September, and disembarked passengers. Detached from Force "H" on 03 September 1940 with HMS Coventry as escort for the 5 ship Convoy AS3 in the Aegean Sea on passage from Piraeus, Greece to Port Said, Egypt. Convoy was under aerial attacks enroute. Detached from Convoy AS3 and arrived at Alexandria on 06 September (Convoy AS3 continued to Port Said, arriving 08 September with no losses).
Deployed from Alexandria on 10 September as close escort for the 3-ship Convoy AN3 making passage from Port Said to Piraeus, Greece. The Convoy ship EastLea was detached during the convoy due to being unable to maintain speed. Cover was provided by ships of the 3rd Cruiser Squadron (Cruisers HMS Kent, HMS Liverpool, and Glasgow). Convoy was under aerial attack on 13 September, which were unsuccessful, and the convoy arrived at Piraeus on 15 September. The HMS Calcutta then returned to Alexandria.
Deployed again on 29 September with two Destroyers as escort for Convoy AN5 (Port Said to Piraeus, Greece) consisting of two ships.
On 08 October, the Calcutta deployed with HMS Coventry and four Destroyers as close escort for Convoy "MF5" from Alexandria to Malta as part of "Operation MB-6". The convoy arrived at Malta on 11 October and the Calcutta immediately sailed as escort for the return Convoy MF4 consisting of 3 vessels to Alexandria with the same escort ships. On 12 October the convoy was unsuccessfully attacked by Italian torpedo boats. The escort ship HMS Ajax engaged the three Italian ships, sinking the Ariel and Airone, and heavily damaging the Artigliere before disengaging from the action. The Artigliere was later taken in tow by the Italian ship Camicia Nera, but was sank the following morning by the HMS York using torpedoes. (Note: This was the first experience by the Regina Marina during naval combat at night against the Royal Navy.) The Convoy then came under unsuccessful air attacks on 12 October. Escorts Coventry and Ajax, and two Destroyers, were detached from the group on 13 October in order to join Convoy AS4 (Alexandria to Piraeus, Greece). Under aerial attacks again on 14 October in which the HMS Liverpool sustained serious damage. On 14 October, the 6 ship Convoy AS4/1 and escorts (Piraeus to Port Said) merged with Convoy MF4, with Convoy MF4 arriving at Alexandria on 16 October 1940.(
The badly damaged "Artigliere" prior to sinking on 13 October 1940 by "HMS York".
The HMS Calcutta then deployed on 29 October with two Destroyers as escort for Convoy AN5 (2 ships) from Port Said to Piraeus, Greece. Coverage was provided by Fleet units from Operation MAQ2 (Convoy from Port Said to the Dardanelles).
04 November 1940 saw the HMS Calcutta deployed again with the HMS Coventry and an escort of 5 Destroyers deploying with the 5-ship Convoy MW3 (Operation MB8) during the initial stage of the passage to Malta. Detached from Convoy MW3 and conducted escort duties for Convoy AN6 (5 ships) to Suda Bay, Crete, arriving on 05 November, after which the Calcutta returned to Alexandria. The month of December 1940 found the HMS Calcutta being assigned on Anti-Aircraft defense duties in the Mediterranean.
On 07 January 1941, the Calcutta joined Force "C" with another British Cruiser and the Destroyers Diamond and Defender as close escort for Convoy MW5 1/2. Departing Alexandria with the 2-ship Convoy MW5C to Malta. These convoys were part of the joint Operation Excess for passage of a military convoy from Gibraltar to Piraeus, and then to Alexandria. During this deployment, the HMS Calcutta and other ships came under heavy and sustained aerial attacks by German Stuka aircraft which had just arrived in the Mediterranean theatre.
February 1941 found the HMS Calcutta again being assigned Anti-Aircraft defense duties in the Mediterranean for the entire month.
Underway on 05 March with Cruisers HMS Coventry and HMS Carlisle to provide Anti-Aircraft defense duties for military convoys making passage between Alexandria and Piraeus, Greece delivering troops for Operation Lustre (07 March-02 April). Provided AA defense to convoys off of Piraeus, Greece on 22 March, and then, on 25 March, while refueling at Suda Bay with the Coventry, the HMS York was attacked by Italian Explosive Motor Boats which resulted in severe damage. The HMS York was beached at Suda Bay to prevent her sinking and was subsequently used as a Anti-Aircraft shore battery.
"HMS York" beached at Suda Bay (being inspected by boarding party of Italian TB "Sirio", June 1942)
Under air attack while in the port of Piraeus, Greece on 07 April. Ship was not damaged. The S.S. Clan Fraser, which was carrying arms and 250 tons of TNT, was bombed, exploded, and sank. The explosion damaged many of the surrounding ships, setting them on fire and damaging buildings ashore. Six men killed and 9 wounded.
On 18 April 1941, the Calcutta provided escort for Malta supply Convoy ME1 (or possibly ME7) consisting of 4 ships, with the Battleships HMS Warspite and HMS Barham, Aircraft Carrier HMS Formidable, Cruiser HMS Phoebe, screened by HM Destroyers.
Deployed on 20 April for Anti-aircraft defense duties for the Mediterranean Fleet during the bombardment of Tripoli (Operation MD2). On 23 April 1941, the HMS Calcutta returned to Suda Bay, Crete escorting the 4-ship Convoy AG13 (Alexandria to Suda Bay) with HMS Phoebe, and Destroyers HMS Stuart, and Voyager (RAN) as part of Operation Demon (the evacuation of Allied troops from Greece).
From 24-26 April, the ship was based out of Suda Bay, Crete with the Cruisers HMS Orion, Ajax, Phoebe, Perth, Coventry, and Carlisle for the continuing Operation Demon. Deployed with Corvettes Hyacinth and Salvia escorting three ships of Convoy AG13 evacuating troops from Raftia and Nauphlia, Greece. Returned to Suda Bay for troop disembarkation, after which, returned to Nauphlia, Greece with HMS Diamond, HMS Stuart (RAN), and HMS Griffin and continued evacuation of troops.
Returned to Suda Bay, Crete on 27 April and picked up the 5-ship Convoy GA14 for passage to Alexandria where the convoy arrived on 29 April 1941.
On 05 May, the HMS Calcutta, with Cruisers HMS Dido, HMS Phoebe, HMS Coventry, and HMS Carlisle, provided cover for Convoys MW7A (4 ships) and MW7B (2 ships) on passage from Alexandria to Malta, arriving on 09 May. Rendevouzed with 4-ship military convoy which had departed Gibraltar on 06 May enroute to Alexandria (Operation Tiger) and provided escort duties. The convoy was carrying a cargo of 82 Crusader Tanks, 135 Matilda Tanks, and 21 light Tanks which were used to resupply the 8th Army's 7th Armoured Division (aka "The Desert Rats"). The S.S. Empire Song which was part of the convoy, struck a mine off of Malta on 09 May and sank with the loss of 57 tanks. On 10 May the convoy came under air attack, but these were repelled by aircraft for the HMS Formidable. The rest of the convoy arrived at Alexandria on 12 May 1941.
Deployed on 20 May as part of Force "C" to the north of Crete with the HMS Naiad, HMS Perth, and 4 destroyers to intercept enemy invasion convoys (German Operation Merkure). While under heavy aerial attacks, one enemy ship, a "Caique", was sighted and sunk by Destroyers. German Paratroopers landing during the invasion of Crete
Under heavy aerial attacks by high level Luftwaffe and Italian bombers. HMS Juno sunk this date as a result of the attacks.
22 May 1941 found the ships deployed off of Heraklion, Crete for patrol and interception duties where the Italian Sagittario Convoy was discovered. The ships, under sustained air attacks, pursued and engaged the convoy 25 miles north of Milos, Crete. HMS Perth and HMS Naiad engaged the Torpedo Boat Sagittario and opened fire at 8000 yards and then broke off the engagement with no damage to the enemy ships. Due to a shortage of fuel and ammunition, the ships of Force "C" were recalled and ordered to the west of Crete. Force "C" came under continuous attack for the next 3 and a half hours, with the HMS Carlisle being hit, killing her Commanding Officer (Capt. T. C. Hamiltion) and the HMS Naiad having two turrets put out of action and compartments flooding due to near misses. The ships of Force "C" joined ships of Forces "A1" and "B", withdrawing to the southwest. On 26 May, the HMS Calcutta assisted in the evacuation of troops from Sphakia, Crete. Departed Crete on 27 May enroute to Alexandria with evacuated troops onboard. While on passage, came under aerial attack and suffered minor damage as a result of two direct hits.
Underway with Force "D" with HMS Phoebe, HMS Perth, HMS Coventry, HMS Jervis, HMS Janus, and HMS Hastry. Returned to Sphakia, Crete on 29 May and continued evacuation of troops, returning to Alexandria upon completion. Deployed from Alexandria on 01 June 1941 with the HMS Coventry to provide air cover for HMS Phoebe returning from Sphakia, Crete with evacuated troops. The Calcutta came under attack by two German JU-88 Bombers and was struck by two bombs, sinking soon afterwards at approximate postion 32.00N/28.00E in over 2000 meters of water with the loss of 109 Officers and Crew. 225 officers and crew were rescued by the HMS Coventry.
Casualty List:
(MPK=Missing Presumed Killed) ALLTON, George A, Chief Engine Room Artificer (Pens), C/M 6255, MPK ANDERSON, Kenneth C, Able Seaman, RNVR, C/LD/X 33287, MPK ANSCOMBE, William E, Ordinary Seaman, C/JX 221145, MPK AYLING, Leslie G, Canteen Assistant, NAAFI, MPK BALDERSTON, Arthur L, Stoker Petty Officer, RFR, C/K 66827, MPK BARNES, William L, Able Seaman, RFR, C/J 91951, MPK BARTLETT, James, Stoker 2c, P/KX 111007, MPK BENFIELD, Kenneth A, Painter, P/MX 55009, MPK BLANCH, William G G, Stoker 1c, C/KX 94658, MPK BRIGGS, Henry L, Able Seaman, C/JX 158927, MPK BROAD, Bernard, Boy, P/JX 160180, MPK BROOKS, Edwin A, Supply Assistant, P/MX 68084, MPK BROOMHAM, George D, Supply Assistant, P/MX 68082, MPK BURDEN, John, Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 57255, MPK CAPP, James J, Able Seaman, C/JX 195729, MPK CHALMERS, James S, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 157617, MPK CLARKE, Edward G, Able Seaman, C/JX 15576, MPK COOPER, Albert, Stoker Petty Officer (Pens), C/K 59118, MPK CROCKER, Kenneth B, Leading Stoker, C/KX 84910, MPK CUNNINGHAM, Arthur, Able Seaman, D/JX 191164, DOW DAVIS, James F, Canteen Manager, NAAFI, MPK DAWSON, William, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106605, MPK DRISCOLL, James W, Able Seaman, RFR, C/SS 11921, MPK DUNWOODIE, Robert, Ordinary Seaman, C/JX 196895, MPK DYBLE, William J, Able Seaman, C/JX 159627, MPK EBBAGE, Geoffrey G, Able Seaman, C/JX 159852, MPK EDWARDS, Cornelius D, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106611, MPK EKE, James, Stoker 1c, C/KX 99502, MPK ELLEN, David M, Ordinary Signalman, D/JX 214010, MPK EVANS, William J, Leading Stoker, RFR, C/K 62010, MPK FOREMAN, Wilfred J, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106618, MPK FORSHAW, George, Stoker 1c, C/KX 92590, MPK FOSTER, Edward C, Stoker 1c, RFR, C/SS 119958, MPK FRENCH, Frederick P G, Stoker 1c, C/KX 95633, MPK GARDNER, Herbert J, Able Seaman, RNVR, C/LD/X 4394, MPK GIBBS, James W J, Supply Assistant, RNVR, C/CD/X 129, MPK GRIMWOOD, Spencer A J, Able Seaman, C/JX 159239, MPK HALL, Frederick H, Able Seaman, C/JX 160351, MPK HARRINGTON, William J, Ty/Act/Stoker Petty Officer, RFR, C/K 66260, MPK HAYNES, William R, Canteen Assistant, NAAFI, MPK HEXTALL, Ronald, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 241034, MPK HICKS, Oliver J S, Stoker 2c, D/KX 111666, MPK HOLLIDAY, William, Stoker 1c, RFR, C/SS 119084, MPK HOPKINS, John R W, Able Seaman, C/SSX 128303, MPK HUBBARD, Arthur, Stoker 1c, RFR, C/SS 124805, MPK HUNTER-BLAIR, Gaspard P, Commander, MPK JOEL, Thomas J, Chief Petty Officer Stoker (Pens), C/K 60951, MPK JONES, Robert A, Able Seaman, D/JX 125063, MPK KNIGHT, Dennis A, Stoker 1c, C/K 94274, MPK LEE, Bernard F T, Supply Chief Petty Officer, C/M 37625, MPK LEE, Stanley J P, Stoker 1c, C/KX 102672, MPK LEGG, Arthur S, Able Seaman, P/J 111714, MPK LEWIS, Joseph, Petty Officer Steward, E/LX 20157, MPK LILBURN, Arthur S S, Stoker 2c, D/KX 110864, MPK
MAHONEY, Henry C, Stoker 2c, C/KX 109373, MPK
MAJOR, Frederick W, Stoker 1c, C/KX 102675, MPK MARCH, Frederick J, Lieutenant, MPK MARKHAM, James I, Able Seaman, C/JX 193645, MPK MARSHALL, Wilfred C, Ty/Act/Petty Officer, C/JX 140113, MPK MASKELYNE, Edward L, Ordinary Seaman, D/JX 200489, MPK MATTHEWS, Henry R T, Stoker 2c, C/KX 100951, MPK METCALFE, Joseph L, Stoker 1c, C/KX 97669, MPK MOON, Francis S, Leading Stoker, RFR, C/K 61162, MPK MOORE, Denis, Act/Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 78308, MPK MUNDELL, Henry T, Act/Joiner 4c, P/MX 64801, MPK NEWTON, Sydney J, Stoker 1c, C/K 97665, MPK OLIVER, Clifford C, Stoker 1c, C/KX 101358, MPK OVENDEN, George L, Ty/Act/Stoker Petty Officer, RFR, C/K 65299, MPK OWERS, Kenneth V, Leading Stoker, C/KX 83028, MPK PAY, Leonard L, Cook, C/MX 54298, MPK PEAKE, Arthur J, Stoker 2c, P/KX 109527, MPK PEARCEY, Thomas H, Stoker 2c, D/KX 110952, MPK PHILLIPS, Frederick A J, Petty Officer, P/JX 126281, MPK PRATT, Thomas E, Regulating Petty Officer, C/M 40163, MPK QUAYLE, Robert, Ordinary Seaman, C/JX 221249, MPK RAINFORD, John, Leading Seaman, C/JX 138670, MPK RALPH, Stephen H, Ordnance Artificer 4c, P/MX 64324, MPK RHODES, Charles, Armourer (Pens), C/M 31174, MPK ROGERS, Alfred W, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106687, MPK ROSCOW, Wilfred, Stoker Petty Officer, RFR, C/K 66685, MPK ROWDEN, James H, Stoker Petty Officer, RFR, C/K 67130, MPK RUDKIN, Frank C, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106688, MPK RYAN, Frederick J, Ordinary Seaman, C/JX 179088, MPK SADLER, Alfred, Leading Seaman, RFR, C/J 96028, MPK SALMON, William J, Ordinary Seaman, D/JX 214840, MPK SAMPSON, William E, Petty Officer, C/J 103536, MPK SANDERSON, Leonard, Act/Blacksmith 4c, C/MX 59799, MPK SCOTT, Eric, Engine Room Artificer 5c, C/MX 56236, MPK SMITH, Henry F, Mechanician, C/K 55304, MPK SMITH, John H, Able Seaman, RFR, C/J 104653, MPK SMITH, Reginald E, Signalman, C/JX 156462, MPK SPALDING, Walter, Able Seaman, RFR, C/J 98542, MPK SPRINGETT, William G, Stoker 1c, C/KX 97354, MPK STANLEY, Jack V, Able Seaman, RNVR, C/LD/X 4569, MPK STOAKES, Richard S, Stoker 1c, C/KX 97880, MPK STONE, William J, Act/Leading Seaman, P/SSX 23573, MPK SUTTON, Donald J, Stoker 1c, C/KX 97603, MPK THOMAS, James G, Marine, CH/X 2584, MPK THOMPSON, Ernest, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106490, MPK TWYMAN, John A, Stoker 1c, C/KX 93530, MPK TYLER, George W, Stoker 2c, P/KX 111308, MPK VICKERS, Peter A, Supply Petty Officer, P/MX 51196, MPK WALLIS, John H, Ordnance Artificer 1c, C/M 38683, MPK WILKINSON, George W, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106500, MPK WILLIAMS, Leslie, Able Seaman, RNVR, C/LD/X 3003, MPK WILSON, Samuel T, Stoker 2c, D/KX 112980, MPK WISE, Stanley A, Stoker 1c, C/KX 106497, MPK WOLLAGE, John A, Engine Room Artificer 5c, C/M 53168, MPK YOUNGER, Henry, Stoker 1c, RFR, C/SS 121316, MPK References:
Janes's Fighting Ships of World War I (ISBN 1 85170 378 0) Janes's Fighting Ships of World War II (ISBN 0 517 67963 9) http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/1195.html http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-06CL-Calcutta.htm> http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Quarters/1975/g_itwna1.htm http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/index.html http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/capetown_class.htm#HMS%20Calcutta http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/HMS_Calcutta_(D82) http://www.regiamarina.net/engagements/capopassero/capopassero_us.htm#prof http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/on25norw.html http://www.bermuda-online.org/climateweather.htm http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1926.pdf ftp://rammftp.cira.colostate.edu/demaria/ebtrk/ebtrk1851to1987climoradii.txt http://www.btinternet.com/~ian.a.paterson/battles1941.htm The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean (By G. A. Titterton, David Brown, Great Britain Admiralty. Historical Section) This site is operated on income from advertising and sales.
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